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Lake Sibaya has 100km of
untouched shoreline and at 70km2 is South Africa’s largest
freshwater lake. The lake falls within the Greater St Lucia Wetland
Park, now a World Heritage Site, and the Ramsar Convention assures its
international conservation status.
The lake’s diverse flora
provides a variety of habitats for birds, mammals and aquatic life.
Research reveals that hundreds of years ago the lake was once connected
to the sea and with the natural closure of the estuary, numerous fish
and aquatic creatures were trapped in a fresh water environment.
Lake Sibaya contains the second
largest population of hippopotamus and crocodile in KwaZulu-Natal and is
an important breeding, feeding and roosting area for a host of bird
species. Surface water in the surrounding coastal plain often disappears
completely during dry spells, making the lake the only source of
permanent water for birds and mammals.
The wetland also supports many
of the rural people of this region, who in many cases are totally
dependent on the water resource and its associated flora and fauna. Good
management, careful conservation and controlled use of resources make
Lake Sibaya an example of the concept ‘wise use in action’.
  
Fish
Lake Sibaya and its feeder
streams support 18 species of fish. The fauna reflects a marine origin
and has close affinities with tropical forms. A freshwater goby (Silhouetta
sibayi) is almost endemic to this water system, as very few records of
it have been received from other localities.
Vegetation
Plants and trees growing around
the lake are typical of coastal dune forest vegetation. Of particular
importance is the growth of an orchid Vanilla roscheri, which only
occurs at Lake Sibaya. Another orchid, Oecevelades decaryanum, was
collected at the Lake for the first time in South Africa and an unknown
Oecevelades sp. occurs near Sibaya.
Mammals
There are 6 mammal species
associated regularly with the Lake. These are white-tailed mongoose,
water mongoose, hippopotamus, reedbuck, vlei otomys and African marsh
rat. Other mammals associated with the area include Tona red squirrel;
Suni; four-toed elephant shrew; samango monkey; red duiker and blue
duiker.
Amphibia and
Reptiles
There are 22 species of frog
recorded at Lake Sibaya, 20 of which are tropical forms. Common species
are reed frogs, grass frogs and toads. Larger reptiles include water
monitor, African python, forest cobra and Nile crocodile.
Birds
Lake Sibaya is a birdwatcher's
dream come true with 279 species recorded at the Lake alone. The water
system is environmentally important for breeding, roosting and feeding
habits. The most numerous are red and white breasted cormorants; pied,
giant and malachite kingfishers; fish eagles and a variety of herons,
darters and egrets. Waders include white-fronted sand plover,
black-winged stilt, avocent, greenshank and spoonbills. The sheltered
bays are home to jacana, crakes, gallinules and bitterns. Also recorded
at the lake are the much sought-after Pel’s fishing owl, pygmy goose,
palmnut vulture, flamingoes, Woodward’s batis and rufousbellied heron.
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